The Collapse of Gupta India

The Gupta Empire may have lasted only about 230 years (c. 319–543 CE), but it was characterized by a sophisticated culture with innovative advances in literature, arts, and sciences. Its influence continues to be felt in art, dance, mathematics, and many other fields today, not just in India but across Asia and around the world. Called Indias Golden Age by most scholars, the Gupta Empire was likely founded by a member of a lower Hindu caste called Sri Gupta (240–280 CE). He came from the Vaishya or farmer caste and founded the new dynasty in reaction to abuses by previous princely rulers. The Gupta were ardent Vaishnavas, devotees of Vishnu (the Supreme Being of Truth to the sect) and they ruled as traditional Hindu monarchs. Advances of the Golden Age of Classical India During this Golden Age, India was part of an international trade network which also included other great classical empires of the day, the Han Dynasty in China to the east and the Roman Empire to the west. The famed Chinese pilgrim to India, Fa Hsien (Faxien) noted that Gupta law was exceptionally generous; crimes were punished only with fines. The rulers sponsored advances in science, painting, textiles, architecture, and literature. Gupta artists created marvelous sculptures and paintings, perhaps including the Ajanta caves. The surviving architecture includes palaces and purpose-built temples for both Hindu and Buddhist religions, such as the Parvati Temple at Nachana Kuthara and the Dashavatara Temple at Deogarh in Madhya Pradesh. New forms of music and dance, some of which are still performed today, flourished under Gupta patronage. The emperors also founded free hospitals for their citizens, as well as monasteries and universities. The classical Sanskrit language reached its apogee during this period as well, with poets such as Kalidasa and Dandi. The ancient texts of the Mahabharata and Ramayana were converted into sacred texts and the Vau and Matsya Puranas were composed. Scientific and mathematical advances include the invention of the number zero, Aryabhatas astonishingly accurate calculation of pi as 3.1416, and his equally amazing calculation that the solar year is 365.358 days long. Establishing the Gupta Dynasty In about 320 CE, the chief of a small kingdom called Magadha in southeastern India set out to conquer the neighboring kingdoms of Prayaga and Saketa. He used a combination of military might and marriage alliances to expand his kingdom into an empire. His name was Chandragupta I, and through his conquests he formed the Gupta Empire. Many scholars believe that Chandraguptas family was from the Vaishya caste, which was the third tier out of four in the traditional Hindu caste system. If so, this was a major departure from Hindu tradition, in which the Brahmin priestly caste and the Kshatriya warrior/princely class generally held religious and secular power over the lower castes. In any case, Chandragupta rose from relative obscurity to reunite much of the Indian subcontinent, which had fragmented five centuries earlier after the fall of the Mauryan Empire in 185 BCE. Rulers of the Gupta Dynasty Chandraguptas son, Samudragupta (ruled 335–380 CE), was a brilliant warrior and statesman, sometimes called the Napoleon of India. Samudragupta, however, never faced a Waterloo, and was able to pass on a greatly expanded Gupta Empire to his sons. He extended the empire to the Deccan Plateau in the south, Punjab in the north, and Assam in the east. Samudragupta also was a talented poet and musician. His successor was Ramagupta, an ineffectual ruler, who was soon deposed and assassinated by his brother, Chandragupta II. Chandragupta II (r. 380–415 CE) expanded the empire still further, to its greatest extent. He conquered much of Gujarat in western India. Like his grandfather, Chandragupta II also used marriage alliances to expand the empire, marrying into control of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, and adding the rich provinces of Punjab, Malwa, Rajputana, Saurashtra, and Gujarat. The city of Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh became a second capital for the Gupta Empire, which was based at Pataliputra in the north. Kumaragupta I succeeded his father in 415 and ruled for 40 years. His son, Skandagupta (r. 455–467 CE), is considered the last of the great Gupta rulers. During his reign, the Gupta Empire first faced incursions by the Huns, who would eventually bring down the empire. After him, lesser emperors, including Narasimha Gupta, Kumaragupta II, Buddhagupta, and Vishnugupta, ruled over the decline of the Gupta Empire. Although the late Gupta ruler Narasimhagupta managed to drive the Huns out of northern India in 528 CE, the effort and expense doomed the dynasty. The last recognized emperor of the Gupta Empire was Vishnugupta, who ruled from about 540 until the empire collapsed around 550 CE. Decline and Fall of the Gupta Empire As with the collapses of other classical political systems, the Gupta Empire crumbled under both internal and external pressures. Internally, the Gupta Dynasty grew weak from a number of succession disputes. As the emperors lost power, regional lords gained increasing autonomy. In a sprawling empire with weak leadership, it was easy for rebellions in Gujarat or Bengal to break out, and difficult for the Gupta emperors to put such uprisings down. By 500 CE, many regional princes were declaring their independence and refusing to pay taxes to the central Gupta state. These included the Maukhari Dynasty, who ruled over Uttar Pradesh and Magadha. By the later Gupta era, the government was having trouble collecting enough taxes to fund both its hugely complex bureaucracy and constant wars against foreign invaders like the Pushyamitras and the Huns. In part, this was due to the common peoples dislike of the meddlesome and unwieldy bureaucracy. Even those who felt a personal loyalty to the Gupta Emperor generally disliked his government and were happy to avoid paying for it if they could. Another factor, of course, was the near-constant rebellions among different provinces of the empire. Invasions In addition to internal disputes, the Gupta Empire faced constant threats of invasion from the north. The cost of fighting off these invasions drained the Gupta treasury, and the government had difficulty refilling the coffers. Among the most troublesome of the invaders were the White Huns (or Hunas), who conquered much of the northwestern section of Gupta territory by 500 CE. The Huns initial raids into India were led by a man who is called Toramana or Toraraya in Gupta records; these documents show that his troops began to pick off feudatory states from the Gupta domains around the year 500. In 510 CE, Toramana swooped down into central India and inflicted a decisive defeat at Eran on the Ganges river. The End of the Dynasty The records indicate that Toramanas reputation was strong enough that some princes voluntarily submitted to his rule. However, the records do not specify why the princes submitted: whether it was because he had a reputation as a great military strategist, was a blood-thirsty tyrant, was a better ruler than the Gupta alternatives, or something else. Eventually, this branch of the Huns adopted Hinduism and was assimilated into Indian society. Although none of the invading groups managed to completely overrun the Gupta Empire, the financial hardship of the battles helped hasten the end of the dynasty. Almost unbelievably, the Huns, or their direct ancestors the Xiongnu, had the same effect on two of the other great classical civilizations in earlier centuries: Han China, which collapsed in 221 CE and the Roman Empire, which fell in 476 CE. Sources Agrawal, Ashvini. Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1989. Chaurasia, Radhey Sham. History of Ancient India. Atlantic Publishers, 2002.Dwivedi, Gautam N. The Western Limits of the Gupta Empire. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 34, 1973, pp. 76–79.Goyal, Shankar. Historiography of the Imperial Guptas: Old and New. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 77.1/4, 1996, pp. 1–33.Mookerji, Radhakumud. The Gupta Empire. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1989.Prakash, Budha. Last Days of the Gupta Empire. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 27.1/2, 1946, pp. 124–41. Vajpeyi, Raghavendra. A Critique of the Huna Invasion Theory. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 39, 1978, pp. 62–66.

Jacques Lacan Essay - 3310 Words

The theories of Jacques Lacan give explanation and intention to the narrator’s actions throughout the novel â€Å"Surfacing†. Although Margaret Atwood may not have had any knowledge of the French psychoanalyst’s philosophies, I feel that both were making inferences on behavior and psychology and that the two undeniably synchronize with each other. I will first identify the complex philosophies of Jacques Lacan and then demonstrate how the narrator falls outside of Lacan’s view of society and how this leads to her demand for retreat from that society in order to become ‘whole’. Jacques Lacan was a French psychoanalyst that derived many of his theories from Sigmund Freud. His views of the conscious and unconscious being split and a†¦show more content†¦This is the state to which the narrator wants to return. She is deeply disturbed by the identity that has befallen her. I use the word befallen because it is this disparity, of having needs and no way to express or fulfill them, that the narrator wants to escape from and return to the original state of ‘nature’. We must understand the narrator’s position in society in order to understand why she wants to return to the REAL. The second phase, the Imaginary, is where our sense of self is formed. It must be noted that the process of forming a self is a settlement for having left the REAL and a labor to regain that oneness, â€Å" The fiction of the stable, whole, unified self that we see in the mirror becomes a compensation for having lost the original oneness with the mothers body. In short, according to Lacan, we lose our unity with the mothers body, the state of quot;nature,quot; in order to enter culture, but we protect ourselves from the knowledge of that loss by misperceiving ourselves as not lacking anything--as being complete unto ourselves.†(Klages, 2). The narrator early on in life has views of society, while she is going through her scrapbook she notes, â€Å"They were ladies, all kinds: holding up cans of cleanser, knitting, smiling, modeling toeless high heels and nylons with dark seams and pillbox hats with veils†¦I did want to be those things†. She wants to fill the gap th at has been left by herShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jacque Lacan s The Mirror Stage1644 Words   |  7 PagesWhile discussing Jacque Lacan’s The Mirror Stage for the second time this semester I started thinking about my own younger brother’s introduction to the mirror a few years ago. As I was trying to remember this interaction, I came to the realization that his first interaction with his â€Å"self† wasn’t with a mirror at all- it was actually with an iPhone’s front facing camera- used as a form of distraction while he sat in his highchair. This made start thinking about the fact that the recent generationsRead MoreThe Portrayal of Women in Advertising Essay958 Words   |  4 Pagesbe published in the influential British film journey screen. (Hein,2008) Her written views have achieved to shift the perception of film theories conventional structure known as psychoanalytic, which were written about by Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan. Lacan was to have primarily came up with the theory and was originally identified as the â€Å"gaze†. His use was to define the anxious state that derives with the awareness that one could be viewed. He argues that a person loses a sense of â€Å"autonomy†Read MoreA Lacanian Analysis of Paul Austers New York Trilogy4030 Words   |  17 Pagesconcept of fragmented self was first introduced by Freud through his model of three part psyche, namely ego, id and super-ego, and later modified by Jacque Lacan, the famous postmodern psychoanalyst. The split of subject is one of the most appealing concepts in the postmodern literature. By assimilating the structure of unconscious to that of language, Lacan bridges between psychoanalysis and linguistics and hence makes a new interdisciplinary field of study. The splitting of self that Freud was consideredRead MoreI Am You: The Misrecognized Post-Structuralist Subject827 Words   |  3 PagesJacques Lacan and Louis Althusser, post-structuralist philosophers and intellectual theorists, have expanded the confines of the human subject (Pauker). Addressing it from opposite academic disciplines they deal with many similar topics however expressed in different ways. As each independently discusses the self awareness of the human subject, many ties can be formed between these two theorists, both arguing that a subject is misrecognized and constructed differently to the traditional CartesianRead MoreBartleby the Scrivener2030 Words   |  8 Pagesaccept our represented world for an authentic one. Jacques Lacan reasons that reality is completely outside language and decides that we must come to terms with that fact that reality is impossible to access or imagine. Lacan posits that there is a dichotomy between reality and representation because language is needed to interpret what he calls the â€Å"Ideal-I,† or the version of the self that is closest to the actual representation of the self. Lacan rejects the idea of the Cartesian subject and insteadRead MoreSexuality And Gender Identification : A Perspective Point Of View855 Words   |  4 Pagesidentification in regards to gender identity. Beginning with Chapter Twenty-two Silverman elaborates Lacan’s theory regarding semiotic linguistics and anthropology. In Chapter Twenty-two Silverman examines the delivery of Jacques Lacan’s theories, which mirror those of Freud. Lacan extends the works of Freud, â€Å"retaliating the works of Saussure and Levi-Strauss† (Silverman, 1999). Furthermore, Silverman utilizes the â€Å"Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis†, to describe Lacan’s seminars and writingsRead MoreEssay on Patriarchal Structure of An Active Male Gaze 1678 Words   |  7 Pagesto the fact that patriarchy power to control cinematic pleasure has revealed. Many critics have noticed that Mulvey’s application of psychoanalysis and filmmaking appears in an ironic return to Freud and Jacques Lacan. Mulvey uses the gaze to examine male pleasure in narrative cinema, but Lacan argues that the gaze is a much more primary part of human subjectivity than patriarchy which although powerful, is secondary manifestation of culture. Cinema offers plenty pleasures and one of them is scopophiliaRead More The Quest for Nothing in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay2228 Words   |  9 Pageschild at the moment when the child, still in state of dependency, identifies its reflection in the mirror. The child is then left to the mercy of the gigantic and fiendish realization that it may never again become unified with the ideal-I, or as Jacques Lacan names it, the Gestalt. The Gestalt represents the rigid structure of the subjects entire mental development, an ideal goal that cannot be obtained, and the subject will only rejoin the coming-into-being of the subject asymptotically. This isRead More Psychoanalytical Criticism2775 Words   |  12 Pagespsychoanalytical theorists since Freud was Jacques Lacan and I will use Lacan’s â€Å"The Agency of the Letter in the Unconscious or Reason since Freud† as a starting point to explain some of his concepts of psychoanalytical thought. First of all, Lacan created t hree different categories to explain the subject’s transformation from infant to adulthood, namely need, demand, and desire and labeled these three psychoanalytic orders, as the Imaginary, the Symbolic and the Real. Lacan claims that during the SymbolicRead MorePsychoanalytical Criticism of Macbeth1170 Words   |  5 Pagestheorists after Freud was Jacques Lacan. In his text, â€Å"The Signification of the Phallus,† asserts that the idea of both sexes are based on the male â€Å"being† and the female â€Å"having† the phallus, and these two differences determine the relations between the sexes while also bringing them together. For Lacan, the phallus for males represents power, authority, and desire while for females the phallus signifies lack of power and agency (182). Another important text by Lacan is â€Å"The Agency of the Letter

Market Analysis Report Of Makita Brand Of STO †Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Market Analysis Report Of Makita Brand? Answer: Introduction Makita brand from STO has been a leading player in its offering of tools. The cordless and corded tools with a wide range of solutions offered in in the industrial and construction purposes. The establishment of organization was coincided by the various initiatives that were taken at the enhancement of Makita brands too. The Maldivian economy has been witnessing greater success attributed to the growth and the potential available in the market for Makita tools. The fueled commercial activity has been a plus point for the economy and has been favoring Makita brand too in developing a positive environment. STO group along with its various subsidiaries is set for a new focus even in the other industries. The Report presents feasibility with the analysis done to understand the potential and growth for Makita brand of STO Marketing Environment Analysis: Political Factors: The political situation for Makita brand in Maldives is not too favorable with the instability in the current government. The organization will have to strive hard to combat the situation and establish the brand. For the cooperation from governments end, the company can expect leverage (Lau, G.T., 2016; Fallati, L. et al., 2017; Dransfeld, B. et al., 2015). Makita tools have established itself in the market with the home and electronic brands it is catering to. The target segment too for Makita is wide (Makita, 2017). The political conditions in the country may not be really advantageous for the group. Economic Factors: The economic development for the company rests on the economic conditions that are prevalent. The economic conditions associated with the employment and interest rates in the country have been favorable enough to accommodate the interests of organization and for it to market the Makita brand under its kitty (Lau, G.T., 2016; Fallati, L. et al., 2017; Dransfeld, B. et al., 2015; Makita, 2017). The consumer optimism (Figure 1) is strong too which tends to be beneficial for STO (STO, 2017). The spending power of the consumers has gone up over the past years and the economy is trending towards an upward direction increasing the feasibility status too. Figure 1 Consumer Confidence Level Social Factors: The social factors that attribute to the success of Makita brand are the prevalent benefits that are available to the workers and the efficiency of the individuals serving the organization. The organization has retained the consumer confidence levels with the effectiveness in the management and the enhanced vendor relations (Brown, C.J.et al., 2014; Geldmann, J.et al., 2015). There are various channels that are available to market Makita tools which aid in the marketing of its products and this gives it an advantage over the competitors existing in the market. Technological Factors: The leading trading company has the state of art communication technology set up. The effective trade for the organization has not been a challenge and it has been successful in utilizing the strengths available to it (Brown, C.J.et al., 2014; Geldmann, J.et al., 2015). The technology available in the country too is favorable for Makita brand working environment. It has been a national leader in the business and the focus interest being on the construction materials along with electronics and supermarket products has given it an edge over others (Brown, C.J.et al., 2014; Geldmann, J.et al., 2015). Legal Factors: The legal factors prevalent in Maldives with the situation that is suitable for organization operating at the level (Majeed, A. et al., 2016; Tupper, M. et al., 2015).The ongoing and upcoming projects too have a future for the demand of Makita tools (Makita, 2017). The factors attributed to trade for the organization do provision greater opportunities too. Environmental Factors: The increased commercial activity booming in the country has made it easy for STO to bring about a wide variety of products and the brands from Makita (Majeed, A. et al., 2016; Tupper, M. et al., 2015). There has been enhancement in the other activities in trade and the country is seeing the rising need of fishing, agriculture along with the enhancing construction industry. The products of Makita from STO has increased demand can be attributed too (Majeed, A. et al., 2016; Tupper, M. et al., 2015). The demand of Makita Products has been growing with the greater contribution from the power tools garnering the maximum share (Figure 2) Figure 2 The suppliers for Makita brand with the wide range offered by Makita constitute Grainger, Toolbarn to STO. The competition for Makita brand from State Trading Organization has been from the organizations with the establishment of the similar businesses in the region of Dubai and China. Although there are greater opportunities that lie for Makita, the hardware and construction materials have been having some equity partnerships too and the competitors are only growing at the international level but not in the domestic front (Majeed, A. et al., 2016; Tupper, M. et al., 2015). The corporate strategies and the aggressiveness of the management in dealing with the competitive environment have been remarkable which is benefitting the organization to stay put and operate at the current levels. The market potential for Makitais huge. The brands under its kitty have been expanding over the years (Majeed, A. et al., 2016; Tupper, M. et al., 2015; STO, 2017).. The Makita brand serving the construction industry primarily and also deployed in the industries has aided it to have an edge over the competitors trying to establish. The Makita hammer drill has been in great demand too. Considering the buyer requirements, STO has been an organization that well caters to the construction and agriculture industry. With the contribution in terms of the effectiveness it has garnered over the year with the Makita brands in the market, the organization has been able to cater to the increasing demand pertaining to the use of industrial products - hammers, wall chasers, hammer drill and combination hammer amongst others (Itoh, T. and Kakefuda, S., 2016; STO, 2017). The Makita brand has been increasingly demanded and proves to be effective while serving the industrial needs in the society (Hawkins, T.G. and Muir, W.A., 2014; Hassan, M.R. et al., 2014; Wu, C.W et al., 2015). Review of Marketing Selection, Targeting/Positioning and Crucial Marketing Decisions The market share for Makita has been able to garner gives a positive picture of the market selection. While catering to the local households along with the neighboring countries, the organization has proved success in the trade (Itoh, T. and Kakefuda, S., 2016; STO, 2017). The islands nearby have the support and presence felt of products from the Makita brand. The focus is on the construction industry and with the expansion of the market globally, Makita has a great potential. The home improvement market has been growing at the international level and the demand per se with the presence of various regions has given the company an opportunity to cater to the market with the products (Itoh, T. and Kakefuda, S., 2016; STO, 2017). The Makita brand has diverse products too. The Makita wall chaser offers as the great cutting tool and is required by most of the industrial units and construction companies. With the booming presence of the market with the skilled labor available, STO has been successfully managing the array of products from Makita brands which fall under its umbrella. The Makita hammer drill is ideal for the use by professional tradesmen. The capacity in wood for the product is up to 30 mm and the power requirements too for the products is up to the standards as required in the market (Itoh, T. and Kakefuda, S., 2016; STO, 2017). STO has been targeting the various industries with the marketing of Makita brand. The company has been successful in reaching the islands and catering well to the domestic market too (Dolnicar, S. and Leisch, F, 2017; Makita, 2017). The international presence has been well established with the business scenario turning to be favorable for the organization. The company has well positioned itself and while catering to the various segments into the market, the consumers of the various brands has been growing (Dolnicar, S. and Leisch, F, 2017). The established brand Makita Combination hammer is used for the enhanced productivity in hammering and rotating. The capacity available for the product with the fastening torque proves to be advantageous too. Identification of Proposed Decisions Along With Feasibility Considering the perspective from the marketing, customers and economic perspectives, Makita brand is well identified the proposed decisions associated with the well-built technology in communication arena. The organization has been operating with greater scalability with an offering to customers and the wide number of brands that it trades in. The consumer household market is being targeted by the organization and the demand spurring worldwide has given it the benefits of greater margins. Based on the data collected, the outdoor equipment and corded and non-corded equipments from Makita cater to a wide segment and needs in the market. With the majority share in the home improvement items required are being offered by the brand. With the organization required to regularly conduct surveys basis the understanding of demand for the products (Zhu, X., Lane, R. and Werner, T.T., 2017), the benefits are significant. Modelling in-use stocks and spatial distributions of household electronic d evices and their contained metals based on household survey data (Makita, 2017). The effectiveness of consumer purchase is considered to be a crucial area in their business. Makita brand from STO have the reason to be purchased due to the optimum quality levels and well serving the market and consumer preferences. The focus has been largely on the need of the consumers (Zhu, X., Lane, R. and Werner, T.T., 2017). Identification of Proposed Decisions Recommendations The proposed decisions as well identified for Makita brand include the supporting of the organization to the socio economic development. With the reliable supply to the consumers of the products, the affordability of the price needs to be considered as prime mandate. With the focus of the organization on expansion in the arena of trade and storage, it is evident that the the business motor tools have been witnessing greater demand in the society. While meeting the demands of the construction industry, Makita products cordless and corded have been growing with the rise in demand for construction across the globe. The establishments of the preference on the brands which have greater margin need greater focus too. The efforts to retain the market share for Makita brand is essential are also embedded with the well understanding of the needs of the consumers (Salib, J. et al., 2015; Suliman, A.M. et al., 2016). The competitive environment of machine tools is increasing for the organizati on and the global presence of competitors have to be well attended with the focus on efficiency and quality deliverables (Salib, J. et al., 2015; Suliman, A.M. et al., 2016). The examination of the consumer products and the need in the developing countries has to be well planned and adhered by the group. Considering the support available from government and the nearby islands, STO can also resort to various initiatives taken up in the nearby market in marketing the brand. The understanding of the perception of consumers and judging their needs can be well done with data segmentation and survey reports. There has to be greater deploying more resources in the development of effective marketing analysis and utilizing the same in arranging the various products of Makita basis the preference. The importance of the brand and the products catalog has to be readily available. The same can be well organized and the identification of adept technology in streaming the videos for the products c an be organized. Artificial Intelligence is a key suitable area and marketers across the globe are utilizing the strengths of augmented reality for the various products of Makita brand as part of the offerin References Brown, C.J., Saunders, M.I., Possingham, H.P. and Richardson, A.J., 2014. Interactions between global and local stressors of ecosystems determine management effectiveness in cumulative impact mapping.Diversity and distributions,20(5), pp.538-546. Dolnicar, S. and Leisch, F., 2017. Using segment level stability to select target segments in data-driven market segmentation studies.Marketing Letters, pp.1-14. Dransfeld, B., Hoch, S., Honegger, M. and Michaelowa, A., 2015. Analysis of Possible New Market Mechanisms Pilot Activities beyond the PMR.Perspectives, Zurich, Switzerland. Fallati, L., Savini, A., Sterlacchini, S. and Galli, P., 2017. Land use and land cover (LULC) of the Republic of the Maldives: first national map and LULC change analysis using remote-sensing data.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,189(8), p.417. Geldmann, J., Coad, L., Barnes, M., Craigie, I.D., Hockings, M., Knights, K., Leverington, F., Cuadros, I.C., Zamora, C., Woodley, S. and Burgess, N.D., 2015. Changes in protected area management effectiveness over time: a global analysis.Biological Conservation,191, pp.692-699. Hassan, M.R., Karmakar, G. and Kamruzzaman, J., 2014. Reputation and user requirement based price modeling for dynamic spectrum access.IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,13(9), pp.2128-2140. Hawkins, T.G. and Muir, W.A., 2014. An exploration of knowledge-based factors affecting procurement compliance.Journal of public procurement,14(1), p.1. Itoh, T. and Kakefuda, S., Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd., 2016.Portable electric hammer drill. U.S. Patent D762,435. Lau, G.T., 2016. Marketing Environment. InStrategic Marketing Management in Asia: Case Studies and Lessons across Industries(pp. 15-57). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Majeed, A., Hwang, H.G., Eikelboom, J.W., Connolly, S., Wallentin, L., Feuring, M., Brueckmann, M., Noack, H., Yusuf, S. and Schulman, S., 2016. Effectiveness and outcome of management strategies for dabigatran-or warfarin-related major bleeding events.Thrombosis research,140, pp.81-88. Makita, 2017. Tools. Retrieved from: https://www.makitatools.com/ope/cordless [Accessed On 27th Aug 2017] Salib, J., Sun, D., Wu, J., Wen, X. and Huang, C.C., 2015. Corporate Social Responsibility. STO, 2017. About Us. Available at: https://sto.mv/About_Us.aspx [Accessed on 26th Aug 2017] Suliman, A.M., Al-Khatib, H.T. and Thomas, S.E., 2016. Corporate Social Responsibility.Corporate Social Performance: Reflecting on the Past and Investing in the Future, p.15. Tupper, M., Asif, F., Garces, L.R. and Pido, M.D., 2015. Evaluating the management effectiveness of marine protected areas at seven selected sites in the Philippines.Marine Policy,56, pp.33-42. Wu, C.W., Wang, Z.H. and Shu, M.H., 2015. A lots-dependent variables sampling plan considering suppliers process loss and buyers stipulated specifications requirement.International Journal of Production Research,53(20), pp.6308-6319. Zhu, X., Lane, R. and Werner, T.T., 2017. Modelling in-use stocks and spatial distributions of household electronic devices and their contained metals based on household survey data.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,120, pp.27-37.